When to See a Dermatologist
Signs, symptoms, and skin conditions that call for a specialist, especially in Arizona's desert climate
1 in 5Americans will develop skin cancer
Last reviewed: April 2026
Your skin is your body's largest organ, and it takes a beating in Arizona. Between intense UV exposure, dry desert air, and unique regional infections like valley fever, Arizonans face skin health challenges that residents of other states rarely encounter.
A dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in conditions affecting the skin, hair, and nails. While your primary care provider can handle many skin concerns, certain signs and symptoms call for a specialist's expertise.
This guide covers the most common reasons to see a dermatologist, how to spot warning signs of skin cancer, and Arizona-specific skin health considerations every resident should know.
Dermatologist vs. Primary Care: When to Escalate
Your family medicine doctor or internist can treat many common skin issues like mild acne, simple rashes, and minor infections. Consider seeing a dermatologist when a skin condition has not improved after treatment from your primary care provider, you have a suspicious mole or growth that is new or changing, you need a full-body skin cancer screening, you have a chronic skin condition like psoriasis, eczema, or rosacea that needs specialized management, or you are experiencing hair loss that is not explained by other medical conditions.
The ABCDE Rule for Melanoma
Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer, but it is highly treatable when caught early. Use the ABCDE rule to evaluate moles and spots on your skin:
A is for Asymmetry: one half of the mole does not match the other. B is for Border: edges are irregular, ragged, or blurred. C is for Color: the color is not uniform and may include shades of brown, black, pink, red, white, or blue. D is for Diameter: the spot is larger than 6 millimeters (about the size of a pencil eraser), though melanomas can be smaller. E is for Evolving: the mole is changing in size, shape, or color over time.
If a mole meets any of these criteria, schedule an appointment with a dermatologist promptly.
Skin Cancer and Arizona's Sun
Arizona ranks among the highest states for skin cancer rates, and the reason is straightforward: intense year-round UV radiation. Phoenix averages over 299 sunny days per year. The UV index regularly reaches extreme levels from April through October.
Both basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are far more common than melanoma, and both are linked to cumulative sun exposure. Outdoor workers, golfers, hikers, and anyone who spends significant time outside in Arizona should have annual skin cancer screenings with a dermatologist.
Daily sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher, protective clothing, wide-brimmed hats, and seeking shade during peak hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.) are essential habits for Arizona residents.
Common Conditions a Dermatologist Treats
Acne affects nearly 50 million Americans each year. While mild acne responds to over-the-counter treatments, moderate to severe acne, cystic acne, and acne scarring benefit from dermatological care including prescription topicals, oral medications, and procedures.
Eczema (atopic dermatitis) causes itchy, inflamed skin and is aggravated by Arizona's dry air and low humidity. A dermatologist can prescribe targeted treatments and help you build a skin care routine that works in the desert climate.
Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition that causes thick, scaly patches on the skin. It requires ongoing management, and newer biologic therapies have transformed treatment options. Rosacea, another common condition, causes facial redness and visible blood vessels, and can worsen with Arizona heat and sun exposure.
Valley Fever and Your Skin
Valley fever (coccidioidomycosis) is a fungal infection caused by Coccidioides spores found in desert soil throughout Arizona. While it primarily affects the lungs, it can spread to the skin in some cases.
Skin symptoms of disseminated valley fever include nodules, ulcers, or abscesses on the face, neck, or chest. These may look like other skin infections, which is why diagnosis often requires a biopsy. If you have a persistent skin lesion that does not heal, especially after recent dust exposure or known valley fever infection, bring it to the attention of your provider. A dermatologist may be involved in diagnosis and treatment.
Desert Skin Care Basics
Arizona's dry climate strips moisture from your skin faster than humid environments. A few adjustments to your routine can make a significant difference: use a gentle, fragrance-free cleanser instead of harsh soaps; apply a thick moisturizer immediately after bathing to lock in hydration; run a humidifier in your home during the driest months; drink plenty of water, especially during summer; and avoid long, hot showers, which strip natural oils from the skin.
When to See a Doctor Urgently
Seek prompt medical attention if you notice a rapidly growing or bleeding mole, a sore that does not heal within three weeks, a rash accompanied by fever or joint pain, sudden widespread blistering, or signs of a serious allergic reaction (swelling, difficulty breathing, hives spreading rapidly). These symptoms may indicate conditions that need immediate evaluation.
Preparing for Your Dermatology Visit
- Remove nail polish if you have nail concerns
- Come with clean skin and no makeup on the areas of concern
- Bring a list of all skin products and medications you currently use
- Note when the skin issue started and how it has changed
- Photograph any spots or rashes that come and go so you can show your provider
- Bring your insurance card and a referral if your plan requires one
Frequently Asked Questions
How often should I get a skin cancer screening?
The American Academy of Dermatology recommends annual full-body skin exams for adults, especially those with risk factors. In Arizona, where UV exposure is significantly above the national average, annual screenings are particularly important. Talk to your dermatologist about the right schedule for you.
Do I need a referral to see a dermatologist?
It depends on your insurance plan. PPO plans typically allow you to see a dermatologist directly. HMO plans usually require a referral from your primary care provider. Check with your insurance company before scheduling.
Can darker skin tones get skin cancer?
Yes. While skin cancer is more common in people with lighter skin, it can affect anyone. Skin cancer in people with darker skin tones is often diagnosed at a later stage because it is overlooked. Regular skin checks are important for everyone.
Is sunscreen enough to prevent skin cancer?
Sunscreen is one important layer of protection, but it should be combined with other measures. Seek shade during peak UV hours, wear protective clothing and wide-brimmed hats, and avoid tanning beds. No single measure provides complete protection on its own.
What is the difference between a dermatologist and an esthetician?
A dermatologist is a medical doctor with specialized training in diagnosing and treating skin diseases, including skin cancer. An esthetician is a licensed skin care professional who focuses on cosmetic treatments like facials and peels. For medical skin concerns, always see a dermatologist.